[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.gareno.cz\/zivot-zvirat-bez-nohou\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.gareno.cz\/zivot-zvirat-bez-nohou\/","headline":"\u017divot zv\u00ed\u0159at bez nohou","name":"\u017divot zv\u00ed\u0159at bez nohou","description":"Snad jako prvn\u00ed se n\u00e1m vybav\u00ed hadi. A\u010d nemaj\u00ed nohy, p\u0159esto se v\u017edy dostanou tam, kam pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. U plaz\u016f to jsou \u0161upiny, kter\u00e9 jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v orientaci. Na kter\u00e9 vyv\u00edjej\u00ed tlak svaly a p\u0159itla\u010duj\u00ed je k zemi. Co\u017e jim umo\u017en\u00ed pohyb. A proto\u017ee nemaj\u00ed ani u\u0161i, jsou jim navigac\u00ed zemn\u00ed vibrace. Tito \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed\u00a0regulovat svoji […]","datePublished":"2022-11-30","dateModified":"2023-04-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.gareno.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.gareno.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/65248d4269af31fa3fa693ee3fd479d0960b985d370ed586e59378332be7a3ce?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/65248d4269af31fa3fa693ee3fd479d0960b985d370ed586e59378332be7a3ce?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"gareno.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.gareno.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/river-gb89834f73_640.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.gareno.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/river-gb89834f73_640.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.gareno.cz\/zivot-zvirat-bez-nohou\/","about":["Zv\u00ed\u0159ata"],"wordCount":442,"articleBody":"Snad jako prvn\u00ed se n\u00e1m vybav\u00ed hadi. A\u010d nemaj\u00ed nohy, p\u0159esto se v\u017edy dostanou tam, kam pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. U plaz\u016f to jsou \u0161upiny, kter\u00e9 jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v orientaci. Na kter\u00e9 vyv\u00edjej\u00ed tlak svaly a p\u0159itla\u010duj\u00ed je k zemi. Co\u017e jim umo\u017en\u00ed pohyb. A proto\u017ee nemaj\u00ed ani u\u0161i, jsou jim navigac\u00ed zemn\u00ed vibrace. Tito \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed\u00a0regulovat svoji t\u011blesnou teplotu, jsou z\u00e1visl\u00ed na prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se vyskytuj\u00ed. Hadi jsou za\u0159azeni mezi studenokrevn\u00fd typ. Stejn\u011b tak je\u0161t\u011brky, kter\u00fdch existuje v\u00edcero druh\u016f. Mezi ty nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed jak je\u0161t\u011brky pomal\u00e9, tak \u010derviv\u00e9. Kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny, vzhledem k velikosti o\u010d\u00ed, jako slep\u00e9. V Evrop\u011b je nejv\u00edce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011brka ibersk\u00e1. Podobnost mezi t\u011bmito plazy\u00a0lze rozli\u0161it n\u011bkolika odli\u0161nostmi. Beznoh\u00fd je\u0161t\u011br m\u00e1 o\u010dn\u00ed v\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00fdmi mrk\u00e1, zat\u00edmco had o\u010di nem\u00e1. Stejn\u011b tak nem\u00e1 u\u0161i oproti je\u0161t\u011brk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 sly\u0161\u00ed otvorem v hlav\u011b. Zato velk\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda je na stran\u011b had\u016f vzhledem k velikosti rozev\u0159en\u00fdch \u010delist\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jim umo\u017e\u0148uje ulovit i dostate\u010dn\u011b velkou ko\u0159ist. Na je\u0161t\u011bry tak zbydou jenom men\u0161\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 a hmyz. Samostatnou skupinou beznoh\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at tvo\u0159\u00ed ploutvono\u017eci. Kte\u0159\u00ed, jak u\u017e ozna\u010den\u00ed napov\u00edd\u00e1 maj\u00ed nam\u00edsto nohou ploutve. Tito savci \u017eij\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ve vod\u011b, ale pohybovat se um\u00ed i po pevnin\u011b. Snad nejl\u00e9pe si dovedou poradit s p\u0159echodem tuleni. Kdy pomoc\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00edch ploutv\u00ed se vytahuj\u00ed z vody bez jak\u00fdkoliv probl\u00e9m\u016f. Sice se na sou\u0161i\u00a0pohybuj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako housenky a\u00a0\u010dast\u011bji jsou spat\u0159eni ve vod\u011b. Zato lachtani a mro\u017ei, ot\u00e1\u010den\u00edm zadn\u00edch ploutv\u00ed, se po pevnin\u011b pohybuj\u00ed plynule. Rovn\u011b\u017e ryby \u2013 vodn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b nohy nemaj\u00ed. Na mal\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky, kter\u00e9 teprve ned\u00e1vno p\u0159inesly nov\u00e9 studie. Kter\u00e9 potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f jsou zakrn\u011bl\u00e9 kon\u010detiny. Ryby, vybaven\u00e9 ploutvemi, kter\u00fdmi man\u00e9vruj\u00ed prostorem, \u017eij\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b ve vod\u011b. Pomoc\u00ed \u0161t\u011btinek se po zemi pohybuj\u00ed plaziv\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9. Nej\u010dast\u011bji to lze vypozorovat u \u010derv\u016f. Stejn\u011b tak u m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161\u016f, kter\u00fdch je na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e sto tis\u00edc druh\u016f. Mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed \u0161neci, \u00fast\u0159ice, ml\u017ei, sl\u00e1vky, s\u00e9pie \u010di chobotnice. Mnoz\u00ed z nich jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bni tvrdou obrannou schr\u00e1nkou. Bez nohou se rovn\u011b\u017e pohybuj\u00ed \u017e\u00ed\u017ealy. Ty nav\u00edc nemaj\u00ed ani kosti a ani o\u010di.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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